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'Constant revolutionizing of production, uninterrupted disturbance of all social conditions, everlasting uncertainity and agitation distinquish the bourgeois epoch from all earlier ones ... All that is solid melts into air, all that is holy is profaned.' Marx

Joseph Schumpeter + creative destruction « Previous | |Next »
September 9, 2007

Robin Blackburn makes some interesting remarks on Joseph Schumpeter's economics in the form of a review in The Nation of Thomas McCraw's biography of Joseph Schumpeter, entitled Prophet of Innovation: Joseph Schumpeter and Creative Destruction. Schumpeter is well known for characterizing capitalism with the famous phrase "creative destruction", in which the old ways of doing things are endogenously destroyed and replaced by the new.

Isn't creative destruction what is currently happening to Australia as a result of the impact of the global economy? Despite Schumpeter being pro-business, anti-New Deal and anti-welfare I've interpreted his work as offering us a keen insight into the world of globalized capitalism, a world built on the ruins of Keynesian-style national economic regulation, put into place after the 1930s Great Depression.

Blackburn says:

Schumpeter's Theory of Economic Development conveyed his conviction that entrepreneurship and competition were constant sources of growth and disruption in capitalist economies. While other economists saw competition as focusing on price, Schumpeter argued that the process also embraced the development of new products and processes, with often devastating effects on established producers. This was the germ of what he was later to call "creative destruction," the wavelike process in which yesterday's leaders are replaced by those with something radically new to offer, be it the railway, the automobile, the PC or the iPod. Others were so mesmerized by the great trusts, and their apparent power to control the market, that they did not see how vulnerable even the greatest could be if challenged by a new product.

Blackburn says that if Schumpeter's work on business cycles was too compendious and complex to have much impact on his colleagues his 1942 Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy became a bestseller. It was in this book that he gave definitive expression to "creative destruction" as the animating principle of capitalist competition.
While admitting that such competition brings ruin to whole industries and regions, he stressed that the accompanying rise of innovating industries will bring new goods within the reach of working men and women...In Schumpeter's view this surge of capitalist prosperity would allow for the solution of all social problems but would also undermine the conditions that made it possible. The motivation of the great business families would be eroded, capitalist growth taken for granted and the anticapitalist moralizing of intellectuals indulged. A drift toward socialism would ensue as governments intervened ever more intimately in the capitalist mechanism. Like Friedrich August von Hayek and Mises, Schumpeter believed in the power of capitalism, but he rejected what he saw as their absurd prejudice against the state, capitalism's necessary handmaiden.

The state is capitalism's necessary handmaiden---that is insightful, as it indicates the action of the state in creating markets for new products--eg., health care and telecommunications.

What hasn't developed in Australia is the strategy of creating markets for new products with industrial groups investing in R&D and a string of research institutes that would keep Australia at the forefront of the information economy.


| Posted by Gary Sauer-Thompson at 4:42 PM | | Comments (2)
Comments

Comments

Many thanks for above post.
Interesting conclusion at bottom concerning "the state, capitalism's necesary handmaiden". For some one of my ignorance that sounds so much like Keynesianism.
Because here it's not being suggested in the neolib sense as rottweiler for capitalism, but a facilitator for a civil society medium receptive to creativity- the very thing the louts have tried to tear down for a generation and Hawke, Barry Jones and the like said they were trying to create; circa 1983-93, that's been lashed at since. The essence seems to involve the pleasure of intellectual effort and imagination, mediated by honesty and compassion- much more holistic than 'naff you jack atomism and alienation.

Just read the Robin Blackburn review. Love the bit about:
"...irresponsible attempts to tamper with capitalism...".
Sounds like putting the wind into a sack,
or not having sex on the full- moon for fear it offends the totem-god, also. Workers ar not zomboids; they are entrepreneurs who have to best package and sell their labor the same as overt capitalists.
Many Conservatives have seemed blindsided by this silliness about naughty socialists tampering with an almost esoteric system, but partly because they don't understand that socialism as frame of reference is different to socialism as actual system and also they can't realise that that no one has the full story and their limitations get in the way, too. "Even the best laid plans", when it comes to meta systems.
The paranoia has given rise to the multi-trillion-dollar charade of "small" government as practiced by people like Howard and Bush, both at home and in international relations.
Huge amounts of money are splurged on "competition" policy and other aesthetically desirable ( to certain people) visions. That social action occurs in real world that is capitalism, day to day, as and in a locus of reality , is undeniable. but it may also occur at a different sort of anthropological level also, whose validity is not properly understood.
To another observer, activities that ought to "fit the model" like bureaucrat teams ensuring "workplace deregulation" actually appear quite facile and wasteful evidences of pathology and in a different currency negative of true "wealth" rather than crative of it. They may well only ensuring that the reality most carefully resembles an abstract daydream "model" of human affairs held by IPA/ CIS types who actually have no more idea of what "reality" should look like than the rest of us, as happened in the dark ages with the petty tyrannies of the aristocracy. What is the real measure of progress?
Meanwhile, propping up the UN and international treaty andtrade and military networks likewise ensures surveillance rational or irrational, of designated "others" like Iran or, next step up, Iraq. Iraq's role when "other" seems to have demanded excessive mystification for our chimplike leaders, leading to a ritualised trillion dollar violent response, according to some. Is it a West that has hidden from itself much about its collective self, as individuals go into "denial" over their selves?
All this bloody micro-management in the name of "freedom" and "decency", quite possibly derived out of fear and self loathing!
Is Schumpeter a victim of his own success when he predicts the obsolescence of giants of previous eras. For in predicting socialist interference due to capitalist success perhaps he profoundly misunderstood the product that was to result from recent evolution.
It's true there is always a shell of lazy deadwood, but thisprovides a stage for new people able to think, dream, work and create as other s fall away. The cognitive externalities that allow for human action morph slowly over time as to cognitive "appearance" for subjects but things do change as well as stay the same.
Ideas and intellectual capital are the big winners now- consumerism is meanigless, for example. People like Howard and Bush, who degenerate to wanting to control people out of fear, are becoming dangerously close to being prey themselves. The landscape may superficially resemble yesterday yet may have cognitively evolved finally in a meaningful way for some of its subjects in ways denied to others.
In our time, people who figure out genetic engineering and nano technology and change the species itself( or not )to include exploring anew reality ( however accidently ) allow people to live happily without the props that Schumpeter felt important, when people had never enjoyed them before were entranced by them.
Capitalists have become authoritarian and socialists are the new mind entrepreneurs/imaginers, suggesting forgotten or new but fulfilling mechanisms for dealing with the alienation of capitalism. Consider the networks of underlying values inherent in an ru 486 world compared to previous forms of consumer capitalism. Who consumes, who sells, what and why?
The internet itself is a technology and even a world, that some in society would hardly recognise as such..
Howard and co may think that people still "live" in the suburbs but often people seek to "live" in environments supeficially integrated seemlessly into society yet completely apart from the outer shell of conventional consumerist society that has become a facade for life on terms some in conventional society would find difficult to comprehend.
Even a slight change in value, meaning and cognitive landscape could mean that modern people are less interested in "jumping" so-called dole bludgers or migrants who learnt resourcefulness and more interested in "sorting" institutionalised hacks or lazy, wealthy sybarites who have "lost the plot", in ways somehow more significant than those who are denied choice as to their lives.