December 14, 2005
The conservative interpretation of the Cronulla riots involves a critique of multiculturalism and liberalism.
Sean Leahy
The basic conservative critique of multiculturalism is well known. It says that the failure of some migrants to successfully integrate with Australian society was at the root of racial tension in Sydney. Multiculturalism gives rise to a a nation of tribes. It holds that many of the cultures coming in here are not coming to integrate and be part of the community ... Community is understood as Anglo Australian--Britishiness. As James Jupp, writing in The Australian, observes :
For 30 years, Australia has officially been a multicultural society, a sensible response to mass immigration. This means that there is no single ethnic, racial or religious group that can call itself Australian to the exclusion of others. This has been repeated over and over again, but is obviously not accepted by many Australians of British or Irish descent, including the mob at Cronulla waving their Australian flags.
The One Nation conservative criticism is spelt out by "Evil Pundit:
A large part of the problem is that multiculturalism encourages the development of separate ethnic and religious subcultures that are often hostile to the host society. It also exacerbates these problems by suppressing any criticism of such subcultures, allowing the problems to grow until they erupt in large-scale violence.
This conservatism is deeply opposed to multicultural society, holds that a harmonious multicultural society is a utopian ideal, and regards Australia's multicultural experiment to be a failure. The cultural wars have meant that those who support multiculturalism are denounced as elites, latte drinkers or doctors' wives.
Australian conservatism's critique of liberalism arises out of its nationalism. It understands liberalism as a doctrine of an abstract individual, emphasizes individual freedom of action, condemns excessive bureaucratic involvement by government and values expert knowledge.
Liberalism's defense of individual freedom downplays the conservative emphasis on nationhood and nationalism because it endangers the freedom of the individual. So the conservatives target classical liberalism, libertarianism, and modern internationalist liberalism, as these deny the historical concept of the nation state by rejecting the notion of any common interest between individuals who traditionally shared a common heritage. In the place of nationhood it proposes to generate a new international social pattern centered on the individual's quest for optimal personal and economic interest. Within the context of extreme liberalism, only the interplay of individual interests creates a functional society - a society in which the whole is viewed only as a chance aggregate of anonymous particles.
The essence of modern liberal thought is that order is believed to be able to consolidate itself by means of all-out economic competition, that is, through the battle of all against all, requiring governments to do no more than set certain essential ground rules and provide certain services which the individual alone cannot adequately provide.
Conservatism understands that nationality and society are rooted in biological, cultural and historical heritage. The difference between these two concepts becomes particularly obvious when one compares how they visualize history and the structure of the real. Nationalists are proponents of holism. Nationalists see the individual as a kinsman, sustained by the people and community. which nurtures and protects him, and with which he is proud to identify. The individual's actions represent an act of participation in the life of his people, and freedom of action is very real because, sharing in the values of his associates, the individual will seldom seek to threaten the basic values of the community with which he identifies.
As there is no place for an Aussie nationalism in liberalism we have the fear that Australia's "unique culture" is threatened by multiculturalism and immigration. Hence One Nation conservatism wants to reclaim the cultural agenda to say that Australians have their own culture.
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The problem is that mutliculturalism is a more stable society as it is a natural outgrowth of liberty. Monoculturalism or the unitarism involved with nationalism is naturally fractous as it is based on exclusion, exception and coerced assimilation. The mobs at Cronulla are just a non-state extension of that coercion - which the federal government has been practicing for the last ten years.