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June 26, 2010
This is Rolling Stone's profile of America's senior commander in Afghanistan, General Stanley McChrystal, in which McCrystal made disparaging remarks about President Obama, his vice president Joe Biden and several other White House appointees. The general and his staff accused the US ambassador to Kabul of undermining the war, called the president's national security adviser "a joke", and mocked the vice-president, Joe Biden. Straight talking?
These remarks have resulted in McChrystal's dismissal, with Obama's statement emphasizing military accountability to civilian authority.
The context is the post-9/11 legacy. Former President George Bush defined the US as a nation perpetually at war. The Pentagon produced a theory to suit: the Long War doctrine postulating unending conflict against ill-defined but ubiquitous enemies. This is the "normalisation of war" theory. Obama has inherited a toxic legacy of an ‘emergency' without a foreseeable end."
And so we have the counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan designed by McChrystal that blends civilian nation building with military combat. Killing insurgents, this doctrine holds, is not enough. Military victory is meaningless unless the population is won over. The path to that, the thinking goes, lies in showing people how good government can improve their daily lives.
McChrystal's counter-insurgency strategy requires convincing the local population to support a legitimate government and stop support for the insurgents. According to Peter Galbraith in The Guardian the strategy
aims to give the Afghan government space to win over the population in contested areas. The coalition's role is to clear the Taliban from a district and, for an interval, to provide security. The Afghan government is meant to use this breathing space to establish its authority, to put in place Afghan military and police forces, and initiate economic development projects demonstrating to the population the advantage of being on the government side. The goal is to win over the less committed Taliban and to encourage a population seeing tangible progress to rat out the hardliners.
Is the population turning against the Taliban?
It's not working. One core reason is the assumption is that the Afghan administration is capable of winning the loyalty of the population. Being “an adequate strategic partner is clearly not Karzai's government, which has a record of corruption and ineffectiveness. The US and the UK seem to feel there is no alternative to Karzai, pretend that he is a competent leader and dismiss critics like Sherard Cowper-Coles, the British Ambassador in Afghanistan.
This pretence does not answer the central question: how can the counter-insurgency succeed without a credible partner? One solution is mentioned by David J. Morris here to re-focus the American mission on the initial problem that got them into Afghanistan in the first place:
preventing a major terrorist attack on the US homeland. The priority of the Biden-Bacevich approach is on destroying Al Qaeda, not the Taliban and its affiliated insurgent groups. It is a counterterrorism approach that would require at most 30,000 troops, not the current nation-building strategy which necessitates six times that many
That would mean questioning the Bush legacy of perpetual war that has resulted in the militarization of U.S. policy.
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McChrystal has done what military commanders are paid to do, which is develop a strategy in response to the stated aims of the government. Military commanders don't get paid to write "These are hopelessly confused war aims and we are going to lose" memos. If they do that they simply get replaced. So while McChrystal has a strategy, we have no way of knowing whether the strategy has any chance of working, or indeed of knowing what the overall objectives are.
I've read opinions that the whole concept of an Afghan national government is flawed because the Afghan people don't think of themselves as a nation. I have no idea whether that's valid or not, but it seems like an important issue to resolve if the USA's strategy is predicated on the existence of a functional national government.