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August 31, 2011
Under the Malaysia refugee swap Australia would send 800 asylum seekers to Malaysia and in return, receive 4000 people already assessed to be refugees over the next four years. The Minister for Immigration had declared that Malaysia provides sufficient protection for transferred asylum seekers.
The High Court's decision on the Malaysia refugee swap ruled 6-1 against the Gillard Government's Malaysia solution. The Court has also cast doubt over the legality of Nauru, the opposition’s preferred option, and even Manus Island, the government’s plan B.
One issue was: did Malaysia provide asylum seekers access to ''effective procedures'' for processing their asylum claims, ''protection'' for persons seeking asylum and did it ''meet relevant human rights standards in providing that protection''?
The second issue related to the minister's guardianship duties for unaccompanied asylum-seeker children. Was the government's argument, that the guardianship duty was subject to other powers set out in the Migration Act and was therefore ''trumped'' by the declaration of safety made under s198A of the Migration Act, a reasonable one in a legal sense?
The decision states:
The Court held that, under s 198A of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth), the Minister cannot validly declare a country (as a country to which asylum seekers can be taken for processing) unless that country is legally bound to meet three criteria. The country must be legally bound by international law or its own domestic law to: provide access for asylum seekers to effective procedures for assessing their need for protection; provide protection for asylum seekers pending determination of their refugee status; and provide protection for persons given refugee status pending their voluntary return to their country of origin or their resettlement in another country. In addition to these criteria, the Migration Act requires that the country meet certain human rights standards in providing that protection.
The Court also held that the Minister has no other power under the Migration Act to remove from Australia asylum seekers whose claims for protection have not been determined. They can only be taken to a country validly declared under s 198A to be a country that provides the access and the protections and meets the standards described above.
The High Court adds:
The Court emphasised that, in deciding whether the Minister's declaration of Malaysia was valid, it expressed no view about whether Malaysia in fact meets relevant human rights standards in dealing with asylum seekers or refugees or whether asylum seekers in that country are treated fairly or appropriately. The Court's decision was based upon the criteria which the Minister must apply before he could make a declaration under s 198A.
My understanding is that the Gillard Government thought that the government had a legally sound case and that it would beat the legal challenge to its Malaysian plan.The federal government's entire Malaysian solution is now in doubt.
Update
What the High Court decision affirms is that governments are bound by the rule of law in liberal democratic society. Governments tend to forget this core constitutional principle from time to time; a principle that has two main functions: it seeks to provide a stable and secure basis for the exercise of government power, and also seeks to limit that power.
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With 300 aprox ready to go the 800 quota would of been reached fairly quickly and a real sloution would still have needed to be met. But it did move the issue to the side for a while which was a solution in terms of this goverments thinking. Now they have someone to blame too.
Perhaps putting the whole front bench in a leaky boat to China is the real solution.