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Annika von Hausswolff + post modern photography « Previous | |Next »
December 15, 2009

In von Hausswolff's 1993 color photograph from her 'Back to Nature' series, a naked woman lies face down in a shallow marsh, her pale, body half-submerged. Is it a staged crime scene similar to what we see on free-to--television crime programmes? An artist's model posing as a suicide? Sex and violence? A feminist depiction of rape?

The image is ambiguous in terms of its cultural meaning in spite of its simplicity:

vonHausswolffA.jpg Annika von Hausswolff, Back to Nature, 1993

What the image signifies is the postmodern turn to staged photography and to narrative, thereby transgressing If the photo carried the image into history (war photos) then the story telling came from captions or text, as in photojournalism.

In Dial "P" for Panties: Narrative Photography in the 1990s Lucy Soutter says that the idea that pictorial work could function as allegory was extremely compelling; linking contemporary photography with the privileged discourses of literature and narrative history painting, the allegorical interpretation of works allowed them a satisfying complexity and multivalence and also created a new kind of viewer.

In the 1990s photography became a central figure in the postmodern art institution. Consequently, as Soutter points out:

unlike the audience of modernist art photography who expected to see a self-sufficient autonomous image the postmodern viewer could be relied upon to recognize oblique critical allusions without introductory explanation. In allegory, the speaker trusts the audience to make the metaphorical connection and to sustain it throughout the discourse. In essence, this metacritical mode allowed artists to maintain links with old-fashioned art values while at the same time maintaining a critical distance from them.

Allegorical readings often drew attention away from the formal aspects of the work, its explicit subject matter and its presentation. She adds that:
the current narrative work stakes its importance on [a] subtle complicity of its relationship with commercial culture. Its hipness is determined by the narrowness of the margin between art and fashion or between art and pornography; it dances on the razor's edge. In the same way that cutting edge fashion items are barely recognizable as apparel and cutting edge fashion photography makes it hard to see what is for sale, cutting edge gallery photography is barely distinguishable as art.

The tension between commercial and artistic applications of photography has always created status anxiety in photographers. In the l980s this anxiety could be seen in the clashing discourses of art and art photography. Cindy Sherman and Jeff Wall are repeatedly referred to as "artists" rather than photographers, even though their work takes exclusively photographic form.

update
von Hausswolff's combination of traditional Nordic landscape painting and scene-of-the-crime in 'Back to Nature' photography refers to the work of Bellmer and Duchamp, where the eroticism of looking is closely linked to the female body and to sadism and voyeurism.

If her photographs expose the inner workings of the much maligned gaze of male desire to dominate and possess, then a good part of their attraction for us derives from her willingness to acknowledge that the sight of naked flesh can be oddly riveting. Her work both attracts and repels.

| Posted by Gary Sauer-Thompson at 6:18 PM | | Comments (4)
Comments

Comments

Looking at this image alone, it is actually non sensical as a (staged or not) crime scene. It's unlikely that someone would drown herself in the nude in shallows like this and it also doesn't look like a likely spot for a dumped body, since the body is exposed in the open rather than hidden.
Unless, of course the killer wouldn't even care enough to conceal the victim. I think v Hausswolff deals with the topic of women getting used and tossed aside, internet resources are a little on the scant side.
The title 'Back to Nature' seems cynical?

Barbara,
well not quite nonsensical. In looking at the image we know that we have left both the world of modernist photography---free-standing, anti-functional art photography--- and the snapshot aesthetic. We have entered a post modern world of staged photos, narrative, and intertextual reference.

Staged genre scenes and costumed self-portraits were not invented by Cindy Sherman or her postmodern contemporaries. Looking at photographic prints from the 1850s and 1860s by Julia Margaret Cameron and Gertrude Kasebier you can find these sorts of images with their literary codes in abundance.

What sort of implied narrative in von Hausswolff's naked female biody in reeds image? It's hard to tell from a single image plucked from von Hausswolff's Back to Nature series. von Hausswolff's photograph does benefit from contextual framing. There are clues.

Firstly, Hausswolff's prone passive body has little in common with the 1970's celebratory feminist unifications of body and earth; nor does the naked body evoke pornography, the popular "other" of the respectable photograph since the medium's invention.

Secondly, the initial context was given by the show of photography in elaborately staged settings "Another Girl, Another Planet," curated by Gregory Crewdson and Jeanne Greenberg Rohatyn, at what was then called the Lawrence Rubin *Greenberg Van Doren Fine Art in New York City in 1999. This included images by 13 photographers, 12 of them women. The photographers included Anna Gaskell, Dana Hoey, Justine Kurland, Malerie Marder, Katy Grannan, Nikki S. Lee, Jenny Gage, Deborah Mesa-Pelly, Sarah Jones. Six of the photographers had graduated in the past three years from Yale University's MFA program, where they studied with co-curator Gregory Crewdson.

The work in the exhibition was mostly color and primarily figurative and the majority of the photographs depicted women or girls on the threshold of adulthood caught in evocative, ambiguous scenarios. The show established a movement of “it photography” of hot young female artists and their hot new work. Some of the photographs depicted characters in an implied narrative; others were closer to the more neutral formal elements of modernism, and still others represented traditional portraits with a twist.

Soutter points out the catalog includes one image by each of three emerging photographers whose work has begun to attract critical and market attention: Anna Gaskell (Yale MFA, 1995), Annika von Hausswolff and Rineke Dijkstra. These three pictures provide a frame of reference for the newer works in the exhibition, but one that is loosely associative, rather than clearly articulated.

In selecting an image for a post on photography and narrative I avoided Kurland's female bodies in an arcadian lushness of landscapes ( eg., her Bathers 1998) for an ambiguous crime scene that refers to crime programmes shown on free-to-air-television to highlight one narrative elements. Thus von Hausswolff's picture. Though, to be fair, Kurland also takes photographs of girls in gritty urban settings. Quite a few of her subjects are shown in garbage-strewn areas near highway overpasses. Abandoned cars anchor some scenes, and in others slums face the towers of a resplendent city miles away.

Thirdly, von Hausswolff series combines traditional Nordic landscape painting , scene-of-the-crime photography in commercial culture, and the feminist idea of the male gaze. I found the work the most interesting when I dipped into the work of the various artists in the exhibition.

Is Annika von Hausswolff title "Back to Nature" cynical? The series does provide another context for the above image. The 1992-3 Back to Nature series consisted of large photographic prints in which young female corpses are strewn across landscapes.

Two images from a triptych in this series have the raw, artless directness of police photographs: a female in a blue cotton dress lying on her stomach, half-buried by weeds, feet bare; a woman sprawled on the ground, her jeans pulled down to her knees - robbed, raped, murdered? The third seems very much staged, even painterly - a naked corpse floating like Ophelia among the reeds. This effect is echoed by the final image in the series, which shows a naked woman - or is it one of Hans Bellmer's dolls? - lying in a sunny patch of Scandinavian pine forest, her dead body the only blot on this otherwise pristine landscape.

The other photographer i found interesting was Sarah Jones. She says that photography leaves this gap where the viewer can bring their own narrative and experience to the image. So that is what we, as readers, are doing.


The comment "non-sensical" referred to the image as a crime scene rather than to its larger art historical context.
I was trying to see the entire 'Back to Nature' series however, and couldn't find it on the internet, your last link in your reply is not working unfortunately.

I believe that to some degree a viewer/I should be able to decipher a contemporary art work on its own without extensive referencing of what came before and at the same time. We already have a knowledge of our culture so that we should be able to place an image within that framework of stylistic clues and conventions. (I don't believe this is true for understanding historic art where background knowledge is very much required to unlock a work beyond its surface appearance.)

The point where I get stuck with the two 'Back to Nature' photos I have seen is that they depict a scene where something very violent has taken place but they don't lead us anywhere from the initial moment of strong impact. Though staged, they strongly retain the look of a true crime scene, and as such there is a disturbing sense of violation of privacy, a woman shown as a piece of thrown away trash. This is an individual rather than a faceless body.

I am really not sure what to make of this. Is she making an obvious point showing the repulsive end result of what a psychopath does when he kills for pleasure? And if yes, why?
There is no narrative to these, or most other photos for that matter. Any story is purely speculative and imagined, so there aren't any clues to be had from that either.

Scoutter's article is interesting but she doesn't seem to be able to decipher 'Back to Nature' either.

barb,
all the links in the above reply work. I've just checked them. I do not think that the Annika von Hausswolff's "Back to Nature" series is online as a body of work, even though it is very influential in Swedish art. The series, from what I can make out, refers to naked, abandoned female bodies in picturesque landscapes, and partly covered, lifeless bodies.

I gave the art history background for myself-- I did not know the "Another Girl, Another Planet," exhibition. As I was trying to explore the photography/narration relation outside of a modernism aesthetic and its stand alone image, I turned to this exhibition as a reference point.

The objects von Hausswolff depicts are simply there, presenting themselves to our gaze in various still but unstable positions. They don't facilitate narration. But they sustain a feeling of strangeness or unease, of something left behind, something unarticulated-- which needs to be deciphered just like a crime scene.

My argument is that how we go about interpreting this body of work depends on our perspective in reading these images---ie, if you come at it from a modernist or postmodernist perspective. Since I come from the latter I accept that photographic meaning is contextual, and that von Hausswolff’s work refers back to European surrealism, to feminism and sexual politics and to conservative paintings in Swedish art history (e.g. Women in a Landscape by Richard Bergh).

Modernists would reject this in favour of the stand alone image. As you say the viewer "should be be able to decipher a contemporary art work on its own without extensive referencing of what came before and at the same time." You also reject narration in photography "There is no narrative to these, or most other photos for that matter. Any story is purely speculative and imagined.."

I read the stage crime scene photos as an savage but ambiguous critique of the patriarchal way of regarding woman as nature. Does the work represent new direction in the sense of formal innovation? That's the modernist question, isn't it.

Michelle White describes 'Back to Nature' thus in Art Lies as relying on rehearsed formulas rather than being a new direction:

For instance, take Annika von Hausswolff’s Back to Nature, a series of photographs with women splayed in the landscape, the lower half of their naked bodies emerging from the foliage, presumably after being raped. There is nothing in the work that leads me to believe that this is doing anything different than Ana Mendieta’s restaging of rape scenes in her performance work in the 1970s, which possesses such a strong affinity that it is even mentioned on the wall label.

On this art history interpretation von Hausswolff’s 'Back to Nature' 1993 series appropriates some of the familiar locations, such as wooded areas, and poses that Mendieta used in her series 20 years earlier.

Granted. But my interest is in exploring photography and narration. Apparently, von Hausswolff’s latter work is more about loneliness, frustration and melancholy --more psychoanalytic,as it were.