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If there are diverse kinds of knowledge and ways of knowing place, then we need to learn to value the different ways each of us sees a single place that is significant, but differently so, for each perspective.
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urban nature in Adelaide « Previous | |Next »
February 6, 2008

As the old building sites from the days of rustbelt Adelaide slowly gives rise to new modernist glass towers the urban trees are cut down. Despite the city sweltering during the long months of summer heat there are little moves to plant trees to provide shade for people as they walk the city. So we have images like this in the south west corner of the city:

treestump.jpg Gary Sauer-Thompson, tree stump, Adelaide CBD, 2008

Urban design is still modernist--how to pack lots of people in a small ordered space with little thought being given to the quality of the public spaces in a warming world. Trees represent disorder, mess, uncleanness. Only decorative street trees and trees in parks are allowed. Le Corbusier’s key text, The City of Tomorrow and its Planning, is central to understanding our urban life.

It is premised on “the exodus of city dwellers” from the centers of the city and the “replacement by business.” Le Corbusier take this as evidence that people prefer to live in suburbs rather than in cities, and therefore bases his theory of urban planning on the idea that the center should be for commerce (and some public services), and that it should be surrounded by two belts of residential areas – one with “blocks of dwellings on the ‘cellular’ system”, and one outer garden city. The center of a great city should consist mainly of skyscrapers – exclusively for commercial use.

weed.jpg Gary Sauer-Thompson, green weed, Adelaide CBD, 2008

That's how urban planning in Adelaide traditionally understand itself, with on modification---trying to bring people back to the live in the CBD to create some life,diversity and creativity in a CBD that was dead and empty after working hours. The New Urbanism of Jane Jacobs, with its stress on the importance of diversity in neighborhoods in the inner city is not embraced.

Like Le Corbusier it is assumed that order = peace and happiness. Adelaide as an ordered garden city is of a purely geometrical kind; its rectilinear is clear and well-arranged, easy to police and to clean, a place in which you could find your way about and stroll with comfort.

What was rejected is what Le Corbusier calls the Pack-Donkey’s Way--or the curvilinear type of city that allows the meandering along, meditate a little, becoming lost, and ending up is strange and different spaces.

| Posted by Gary Sauer-Thompson at 5:43 AM | | Comments (5)
Comments

Comments

Gary,
Though Le Corbusier’s theories suggest that the center of a great city should consist mainly of skyscrapers – exclusively for commercial use – he did say that the area occupied by these should be no greater than 5 percent. The remaining 95% should be parks with trees.

Also in the center there would be a train station, the “hub” of the city, and three-story buildings with “luxury shops, [...] restaurants and cafés.”

Pam,
you are right. Here is how Jane Jacobs in her The Death and Life of Great American Cities describes Le Corbusier's city:

[Le Corbusier] devised in the 1920’s a dream city which he called the Radiant City, composed not of the low buildings beloved of the Decentrists [supporters of the Garden City], but instead mainly of skyscrapers within a park. “Suppose we are entering the city by way of the Great Park,” Le Corbusier wrote. “Our fast car takes the special elevated motor track between the majestic skyscrapers [...]. The whole city is a Park.” In Le Corbusier’s vertical city the common run of mankind was to be housed at 1,200 inhabitants to the acre, a fantastically high city density indeed, but because of building up so high, 95 percent of the ground could remain open. The skyscrapers would occupy only 5 percent of the ground. The high-income people would be in lower, luxury housing around courts, with 85 percent of their ground left open. Here and there would be restaurants and theaters.

Gary,
another quote from Jane Jacobs Death and Life of Great American Cities about the consequences of the utopian tradition in urban planning:

But look what we have built: low income projects that become worse centres of delinquency, vandalism and hopelessness than the slums they were built to replace; middle income housing which are true marvels of dullness and regimentation, sealed against the buoyancy and vitality of city life; luxury housing that mitigates its inanity with vapid vulgarity, expressways which eviscerate great cities. This is not rebuilding, this is the sacking of cities.

The utopian tradition would include Ebenezer Howard’s Garden Cities of Tomorrow, which placed cities in the countryside, distancing populations from polluted and unsanitary town centres, as well as Le Corbusier’s cities of tomorrow.

Gary
there is also the romance of modernism with scientific organizational ideas. This romance went well beyond immediate economic considerations, leading to the formulation of an aesthetic based on the idea of order, on the promise of efficiency, and on technical virtuosity.

The modernists sought to merge aesthetic innovation with economic rationality. European modernism insisted on the aesthetic potential of efficiency, precision, simplicity, regularity, and functionality; on producing useful and beautiful objects; on designing buildings and artifacts that would look like machines and be used like machines; on infusing design and social life with order.

Pam,
some examples of Brutalism in Melbourne.