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Bill Henson, biopolitics, moral panic « Previous | |Next »
May 26, 2008

As those in the art institution continually point out there are lots of images of nude females in the world's art galleries and on the multitude of internet art sites. Art has gone online in a digital age. Moreover, there has been previous exhibitions of Bill Henson's work in Australia with little comment about the sexualised nature of kids. So Henson stands in a tradition consisting of Donatello, Caravaggio and Murillo and Balthus.

Hensoncensorship.jpg Alan Moir

Why the fuss now? So why close down Bill Henson's exhibition? Why choose Benson's current work to make a stand? Why wage war against Benson and the art institution? Why run the crazy line that Henson is a pornographer who abused the trust of the young girls and exploited them with their parents collusion? Hetty Johnson's claims about Henson corrupting the young cannot be taken seriously, given that the models and their parents are saying the opposite. Moreover, if Henson's intent was to produce a work of art and solely a work of art, then I cannot see how Henson has committed a crime, despite Hetty's Johnson claims that he has.

More broadly, why do we this deep concern and anxiety about teenage innocence, young female bodies, nudity and sexual exploitation? Henson's work discloses the anxieties, fears and concerns. It's a catalyst as it were that discloses a culture of fear.

If we take this broader perspective, then what is disclosed is the link off naked teen girls to pornography, pedophilia and the extensive depiction and exploitation of young women in our society for commercial gain. There is a moral panic happening, and it is one based around the politics of fear and social deviance. The moral panic is specifically being framed in terms of morality by the mass media, as it is being expressed more as outrage, rather than fear per se. Behind the outrage lies the concern for social control over those who are defined as a threat to society's values, community standards, and interests’.

The issue is one of the sexualisation of adolescents – especially girls – in the media, by which is meant a thirteen-year-old model pouting from the Weekend Australian Magazine’s fashion page. Clive Hamilton, in todays Crikey Daily, states the case for those concerned about the sexualisation of children:

Over the last decade or so advertisers and the wider culture have increasingly eroticised children. They have been over-loaded with adult sexual material and have had attributed to them forms of adult sexual behaviour, including being dressed, posed and made up as if they were sexual practices at their age is fine. Children as young as eight and nine are now routinely treated in this way.

This has been a recent phenomenon ─ previously it was only teenagers of around 16 or more who were presented this way ─ yet it has occurred slowly enough for most Australians to be inured to it or to accept that that is just how the world is. After all, when even respectable retailers like David Jones eroticise 10 and 12-year-old girls in their advertisements, it is easy to dismiss any objections we may have as peculiar to ourselves.

The eroticisation of childhood means that we have been conditioned to see children differently, as having adult sexual characteristics, urges and desires. How else can we explain why we seem to accept mothers going shopping with 12-year-old daughters dressed like prostitutes? Why are we blasé about pre-teens watching video clips show anal sex is a "personal choice"

A line needs to be drawn in the sand. Yet there is little challenge to the way young children are being bombarded with sexual images from the broader media. From this perspective Henson's work is similar to that in the Weekend Australian Magazine's fashion page, but pushes the boundaries as it involves more nudity. Henson photographs naked adolescents--teen girls (the boys have been forgotten).

The reason for this kind of biopolitics is that Henson is being used by conservatives to take a stand, and help to ignite the moral panic about the sexualisation of kids in order to create public support for the need to "police the crisis. The media play a central role in the "social production of news" in order to reap the rewards of sex and crime (pornography and pedophilia ) stories.

Internet pornography and its accessibility to children has been perhaps the longest-running moral panic of the last decade, with its emotions of fear, loathing and outrage. The fear is justified. Why the fuss now, especially when the same industry that made the panic possible has produced the tools to filter out the tools to deal with it as concerned parents can now download software to block offending websites and protect their children?

Moral panics have a tendency to occur ‘at times when society has not been able to adapt to dramatic changes’ and when such change leads those concerned to express fear over what they see as a loss of control. The internet stands for loss of social control as images can circulate all over the world in a flash.

| Posted by Gary Sauer-Thompson at 8:39 AM | | Comments (12)
Comments

Comments

I am not a prude or ultra conservative. I grew up with great exposure to art & artists & am now a mother of two 8 year old daughters. Although I have not seen all of the images in question from what I have seen I do not believe they are pornographic. However I have no doubt that some of the images could be used by paedophiles for sexual excitement.
This issue is not about pornography it is all about the exploitation of children. While I agree with Andrea Wilson (SMH letters p. 12 26/5/08) that I would prefer to take my daughters to the uncensored exhibition than read a Dolly magazine there is no way I would give permission for my daughters to pose nude for anybody or anything & I wonder if she would. The Herald also quotes Zahava Elenberg who posed for Henson at age 12. She was positive of the experience & now as an adult & parent is supportive of Henson & his work. However she did not pose nude & therefore the comparison is not at all valid.
The fact that these images or some of them have been posted on the internet should be of great concern to the parents of the child & does of course change the nature of the issue as stated by Clive Hamilton.
As a parent I did not need to know that the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child makes it clear that parents do not have the right to give this sort of consent on their children's behalf. Quite frankly it seems obvious that it is completely inappropriate as no parent can be sure of how the child will feel about it when they are older.
In regards to the issue of exploitation I understand that Henson's work sells for six figure sums even if the girl received some monetary renumeration it is obvious that Henson has a lot more to gain (& not only money) from exhibiting & selling his work than the models he uses. If this is not exploitation then I'm not sure what is. It really doesn't matter if his intentions were noble if the result is somewhat less.

rebecca
surely the viewpoint of models and their parents is relevant. They were participants in the process of creating the images. They say that Henson's work is not porn, they were not exploited, they never felt that they weren't in control of the process, and were never asked to do anything they were not comfortable with. Why shouldn't we listen to these accounts? The indicate that Hanson has not committed a crime as Hetty Johnson claims.

So what is it with Henson's work--if it is not the process of production --- that gives rise to the charge of the exploitation of children? is it nudity? Sexuality? The edgy lighting that suggests violence?

Or is the issue one of nude images of 12-13 girls being on the internet?

What, exactly, is the threat here and what is being threatened? What is it that people actually fear?

Is it artists? Is it perverts? Is it the budding sexuality of young girls? Is it the internet? Are we worried that following this example 13 year old girls will start posting photos of their own naked bodies on the internet? Are we worried that previously impervious adults will start lusting after 12 year olds?

If exploitation is the problem why do we not express outrage at child beauty pageants or children being exploited for the purposes of selling fast food, toys or educational equipment?

If we're worried about young girls being exploited for sexual purposes maybe we should rethink our opposition to the hijab.

This is the latest on the Henson controversy:

Kevin Rudd and Ita Buttrose to pose nude for Bill Henson's new series...

Bill Henson newly announced series of post-menopausal women and mature men a sensation ...

The defiant Bill Henson, stung by criticism that his pictures exploit images of pre-pubescent girls for commercial gain and cheap notoriety, says he is confident of his artistic skills with any subject matter.

Deeply distressed by the unexpected publicity about his Sydney exhibition, he announced that he is shifting his artistic focus to post-menopausal women and mature men, promising to attract audiences that will rival popular internet porn sites.

The Australia Council for the Arts is evaluating the option of endowing him with a sizable grant to support him in his new artistic endeavour.

Another popular Australian institution, the Australian Bookmakers Association, has said that bets against Bill Henson achieving his ambition are currently running at 1024 to one.

Despite such unfavourable odds, a number of prominent Australian artists and media personalities have wagered modest amounts on Bill Henson to create an impression of a united artistic fraud.

"I am actually tired of riding the gravy train of soft porn masquerading as art," confessed Henson. "All those repetitive nubile bodies in muted black… I would like a new challenge."

"Australia's population is aging. Anyone who is ignoring this fact is doing so at his peril. What I see is a new market niche -- and I'm ready for it."

Kevin Rudd and Ita Buttrose volunteered to pose nude as first subjects for Bill Henson's new series.

The leader of the opposition, Brendan Nelson, afraid of being left even further behind in the popularity stakes, issued a terse media statement, saying simply, "Me too."

I bet Hetty Johnston's home address wouldn't be too hard to track down. I wonder how she'd feel if somebody egged her home, or subjected her to the kind of abuse Bill Henson is now suffering?

calm down Warren. Hetty Johnston did condemn the violence as inappropriate, as the issue had to do with child protection for her.

Lyn,
Henson's images of teen sexuality are disturbing and spooky, and they do give rise to feelings of unease and concern. Few, however, have been able to say what that is, once the kiddie porn stuff is pushed to one side as inappropriate.

Lyn,
if we work off this account of a moral panic as a starting point, then we can see the fear is that of the folk devil. It says

the ‘folk devil’ is a ‘deviant’: someone engaged in wrongdoing and whose actions are considered harmful to society. They are deemed selfish and evil and thus substantial steps must be taken to ‘neutralize’ their actions, in order to allow a return to ‘normality’

The folk devil in this case is the paedophile.

Gary,
Sebastian Smee in The Australian puts his finger on the anxiety aroused by the folk devil in our culture:

There is, of course, a long history of images of naked children and teenagers in art, but there are many reasons why the taboo around such images has become so strong in recent decades. The main one is simple: sexual abuse of children has become rampant.

The evidence is undeniable and the damage inflicted by those in positions of trust and responsibility is very real. We know that abusers of children often peddle in photographic imagery, and the thought, naturally, disgusts us. We want to stop the circulation of such imagery and to stop the abuse.

The situation is perfectly comprehensible and it needs to be acknowledged by Henson's defenders. The issue is not as simple as an old-fashioned clash between philistines and cultured libertarians. There is more at stake: more feeling, more legitimate grievance and more fear.

He goes on to defend Henson as he says that we are being extremely short-sighted if we respond to our fears by insisting that any image of a naked 12 or 13-year-old - no matter what the context - must, ipso facto, be sordid and depraved, or have been made in sordid and depraved circumstances.

Galleries around the country are pulling down Henson's work, not out of a need to protect the innocent, it's purely out of fear. This business has more to do with control than anything else. I have this to say to Hetty Johnson, Bill Henson didn't sexualise those kids, you did...
Bill

Which ever one of you suggested Kevin Rudd might pose nude should be ashamed. I doubt that I'll shall sleep tonight out of sheer dread, as the frightening image you planted in my mind, lurks in wait for me to close my eyes.

Bill Henson does in effect push the boundaries, but this is not a new phenomena considering 'other' artists throughout history have gone beyond compared to what Bill Henson has portrayed. Artists such as Courbet, Duchamp, Warhol, Serrano and Mapplethorpe have all dabbled in the extreme, Henson works are fairly lame compared to these artists. I personally do not see pornography but rather the aesthetic quality of his art, especially his earlier works.
I do understand both arguments
and yes there is a fine line between what is art and what is porn. There are far more shocking images out there in the world such as the pornography of war that is heavily censored. Furthermore Australia is a signed signatory under the UN
concerning the protection of the child. So really this debate is far from over where the exploitation of the child is concerned. One wonders.